应用尤登实验双样图确定分光光度计分析质量研究

分光光度计是实验室常用的分析仪器,各个实验室基本都配备多台分光光度计,但各个仪器之间有一定差异,导致分析质量受到影响,尤登实验双样图是验证实验室间分析质量的方法.它需要使用两个样品同时进行分析,将所得结果绘制成图,用以评价分析质量,可以一目了然的观察出各个测定点的质量差异.因其方法简便易行,因此决定尝试应用其确定实验室仪器分光光度计的分析质量,以辨别各个分光光度计的分析优劣,从而使分析者能够从多台仪器中选出分析质量最优的仪器.     

污水紫外吸光度与污水COD之间的关系

利用紫外分光光度法直接测定污水中的COD因子,揭示自变量、应变量的数理关系,为简化COD因子的监测,设计新型自动化在线式监测装置提供理论依据。     

基于光谱技术的土壤多参数快速检测进展与展望

传统的土壤采样和实验室分析方法往往工作量大、前处理复杂、测定周期长、时效差、费用高,因此,迫切需要寻找快速、准确的土壤多参数检测方法,以实现多尺度土壤属性数据的快速获取与更新。系统梳理了便携式X射线荧光光谱(PXRF)、可见光-近红外反射光谱(Vis-NIR)、激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)和电弧发射光谱(AES)等光谱技术的原理、特点以及在土壤多参数快速检测中的应用及其研究进展。提出,未来在提高现有土壤多参数光谱检测精度和适用性的基础上,应结合ICP-MS等传统实验室方法,综合应用多种光谱技术以及化学计量学、现代信息技术和空间分析技术等,实现区域多种土壤属性的快速获取与实时监测,以满足我国当前土壤多参数、高精度快速检测及土壤质量精细化管理的需要。     

便携式GC法测定石油污染地地下水中苯、乙苯和二甲苯

采用便携式气相色谱法测定石油污染地地下水中苯、乙苯和二甲苯,通过试验选择出测定的最佳色谱条件和适宜内标物,并对样品平衡时间、NaCl用量、取样后VOA瓶中液-气体积比等条件进行优化。试验表明,该方法在0 mg/L~2.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均0.98;方法检出限为0.05 mg/L~0.15 mg/L。用该方法和吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法同时测定实际水样,两种方法测定结果具有良好的一致性。     

便携式分光光度计快速测定水中镉

对3种便携式分光光度计快速测定水中镉的方法进行比对试验,考察不同便携式分光光度计方法效能。结果表明,ZZW-Ⅱ型测试仪、PORS-15V型光谱仪、JH 916型检测仪快速测定水中镉的方法检出限分别为0.04 mg/L、0.05 mg/L、0.006 mg/L,对中、高浓度样品测定结果的RSD均低于5.9%,实际样品的加标回收率分别为89.0%~114%、81.0%~108%、80.0%~90.0%。与国标法相比,3种便携式分光光度计测定结果相对偏差较大。     

绍兴市某工业区大气中挥发性有机物污染状况的研究

运用便携式气相色谱质谱仪,分析研究绍兴市某工业区大气中挥发性有机污染物的组成及污染状况,主要污染物的平均浓度范围在18.9~348μg/m³之间,初步掌握工业区内挥发性有机污染物的来源,为今后大气污染事故的应急处理和预防,提供信息支持与技术保障。     

便携式气相色谱测定固定源排气中的硫化氢

在SO₂与H₂S共存下,利用便携式气相色谱法测定了固定污染源排气中硫化氢含量。方法简便快速,准确度和精密度较高,受干扰物质二氧化硫的影响小,测定结果完全满足复杂成分烟气中硫化氢的测定要求。     

以异丙醇为溶剂使用火焰原子吸收法测定汽油中的铅

探讨了用异丙醇做溶剂,用火焰原子吸收法测定汽油中铅的方法,实验证明,此方法的回收率在95.5%～104%之间,变异系数在1.38%～2.55%之间,此方法省时,准确,降低实验成本,简化实验步骤,减少实验室污染。     

WEEE and portable batteries in residual household waste: Quantification and characterisation of misplaced waste

A total of 26.1 Mg of residual waste from 3129 households in 12 Danish municipalities was analysed and revealed that 89.6 kg of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), 11 kg of batteries, 2.2 kg of toners and 16 kg of cables had been wrongfully discarded. This corresponds to a Danish household discarding 29 g of WEEE (7 items per year), 4 g of batteries (9 batteries per year), 1 g of toners and 7 g of unidentifiable cables on average per week, constituting 0.34% (w/w), 0.04% (w/w), 0.01% (w/w) and 0.09% (w/w), respectively, of residual waste. The study also found that misplaced WEEE and batteries in the residual waste constituted 16% and 39%, respectively, of what is being collected properly through the dedicated special waste collection schemes. This shows that a large amount of batteries are being discarded with the residual waste, whereas WEEE seems to be collected relatively successfully through the dedicated special waste collection schemes. Characterisation of the misplaced batteries showed that 20% (w/w) of the discarded batteries were discarded as part of WEEE (built-in). Primarily alkaline batteries, carbon zinc batteries and alkaline button cell batteries were found to be discarded with the residual household waste. Characterisation of WEEE showed that primarily small WEEE (WEEE directive categories 2, 5a, 6, 7 and 9) and light sources (WEEE directive category 5b) were misplaced. Electric tooth brushes, watches, clocks, headphones, flashlights, bicycle lights, and cables were items most frequently found. It is recommended that these findings are taken into account when designing new or improving existing special waste collection schemes. Improving the collection of WEEE is also recommended as one way to also improve the collection of batteries due to the large fraction of batteries found as built-in. The findings in this study were comparable to other western European studies, suggesting that the recommendations made in this study could apply to other western European countries as well.     

Performance study on portable water filters

This study explored the effectiveness of five portable water filters for improving certain physical, chemical and biological parameters related to drinking water quality. The parameters investigated included: turbidity, total suspended solids, true and apparent colour, conductivity, pH, alkalinity, hardness, and heterotrophic plate count. In general, ceramic medium water filters improved water quality the greatest and with the incorporation of activated carbon a further reduction in colour and dissolved solids was possible.